Clinical and sociodemographic findings in a cohort of 4632 pediatric patients with language, speech and learning disorders.

OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar aspectos clínicos y sociodemográficos de una cohorte de pacientes con trastornos del lenguaje, del habla y del aprendizaje. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Se seleccionaron expedientes de 4632 pacientes (años 2011 a 2015). Se calcularon medias, desviaciones estándar, porcentajes y frecuencias, Con la finalidad de evaluar si existía diferencia significativa entre variables se utilizó la prueba de ji al cuadrado y se realizó un análisis de probabilidad condicional entre las variables para obtener la probabilidad a priori y a posteriori. RESULTADOS: Los trastornos del lenguaje, del habla y del aprendizaje se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino, con 3358 pacientes (72.5%). El diagnóstico más frecuente fue el trastorno del lenguaje, diagnosticado en 2924 pacientes (63.1%). Se encontraron mayores incidencia y prevalencia de retraso del lenguaje en el sexo masculino (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: De todas las variables estudiadas, solo la incidencia de retraso en el desarrollo del lenguaje con respecto al sexo masculino fue significativa; de cada cuatro pacientes, tres eran de sexo masculino y uno de sexo femenino. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze clinical and sociodemographic aspects of a cohort of patients with language, speech and learning disorder. METHOD: Descriptive retrospective study. Patient records (2011 to 2015) were selected, making up a total of 4632. Averages, standard deviations, percentages and frequencies were calculated; in order to assess whether there was a significant difference between variables, chi squared test and a conditional probability analysis was performed between the variables to obtain a priori and a posteriori probability. RESULTS: Disorders of language, speech and learning occurred more frequently in males, 3358 patients (72.5%). The most frequent diagnosis was language development disorder, diagnosed in 2924 patients (63.1%). A higher incidence and prevalence of language delay were found for the male sex (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Of all the variables studied, only the incidence of delay in language development with respect to the male sex was significant; three out of four patients were male and 1 female.

Causas y efectos del daño cerebral adquirido traumático y no traumático en una cohorte de 736 pacientes / Causes and effects of traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain damage in a cohort of 736 patients

Antecedentes: el daño cerebral adquirido es un importante problema de salud pública y la principal causa de muerte y discapacidad, la cual abarca no solo aspectos motrices, sino también del lenguaje, habla, memoria y/o habilidades cognitivas que afectan de manera sustancial la vida de quienes la padecen. Objetivo: analizar y describir causas y efectos del daño cerebral adquirido traumático y no traumático. Material y métodos: estudio analítico transversal retrospectivo; se seleccionaron expedientes de pacientes (2011 a 2015) conformando un total de 736. Se calcularon medias, desviaciones estándar, porcentajes y frecuencias; con la finalidad de evaluar si existía diferencia significativa entre variables se calculó χ2 y dependencia estadística mediante análisis de probabilidad condicional. Resultados: el daño cerebral de origen traumático se presentó en 169 (22.9%) pacientes (138 hombres y 31 mujeres). Las causas principales fueron accidentes automovilísticos (27.8%) y caídas (24.8%); 567 (77%) pacientes (286 hombres, 281 mujeres) presentaron daño por etiología no traumática, principalmente por evento vascular isquémico (377 pacientes, 51.22%). Los diagnósticos establecidos con mayor frecuencia fueron los trastornos del lenguaje y de memoria. Conclusiones: la enfermedad vascular cerebral se está convirtiendo en un problema de salud, por lo que es necesario generar campañas preventivas e informativas sobre la adecuada atención y tratamiento con la finalidad de disminuir la incidencia y la gravedad de la discapacidad de los pacientes afectados

Background: acquired brain damage is a major public health problem and the main cause of death and disability, which encompasses not only motor aspects, but also language, speech, memory and/or cognitive abilities that substantially affect the lives of those suffering from them. Objective: to analyze and describe causes and effects of traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain damage. Materials and methods: this is a retrospective cross-sectional analytical review. Patient files were selected (2011 to 2015), making a total of 736. Means, standard deviations, percentages and frequencies were calculated; with the purpose of evaluating if there was a significant difference between variables was calculated and statistical dependence through conditional probability analysis. Results: acquired brain injury of traumatic origin occurred in 169 (22.9%) patients (138 men and 31 women). The main causes were car accidents (27.8%) and falls (24.8%); 567 (77%) patients (286 men and 281 women) presented damage due to non-traumatic etiology, mainly due to ischemic vascular event (377 patients, 51.22%). The most commonly established diagnoses were language and memory disorders. Conclusions: cerebral vascular disease is becoming a health problem, so it is necessary to create preventive and informative campaigns about the adequate care and treatment in order to reduce the incidence and severity of the disability of affected patients

Right cerebral hemisphere and central auditory processing in children with developmental dyslexia / El hemisferio cerebral derecho y el procesamiento auditivo central en ninos con dislexia del desarrollo

Objective We hypothesized that if the right hemisphere auditory processing abilities can be altered in children with developmental dyslexia (DD), we can detect dysfunction using specific tests. Method We performed an analytical comparative cross-sectional study. We studied 20 right-handed children with DD and 20 healthy right-handed control subjects (CS). Children in both groups were age, gender, and school-grade matched. Focusing on the right hemisphere’s contribution, we utilized tests to measure alterations in central auditory processing (CAP), such as determination of frequency patterns; sound duration; music pitch recognition; and identification of environmental sounds. We compared results among the two groups. Results Children with DD showed lower performance than CS in all CAP subtests, including those that preferentially engaged the cerebral right hemisphere. Conclusion Our data suggests a significant contribution of the right hemisphere in alterations of CAP in children with DD. Thus, right hemisphere CAP must be considered for examination and rehabilitation of children with DD. .

Objectivo Examinamos si las habilidades del procesamiento auditivo central (PAC) del hemisferio derecho se encuentran alteradas en niños con dislexia del desarrollo (DD), por medio de pruebas específicas. Método Realizamos un estudio comparativo transversal. Estudiamos 20 niños diestros con DD y 20 niños controles (C) sanos. Los niños de ambos grupos fueron pareados por edad, género y grado escolar. Utilizamos varias pruebas para medir alteraciones del PAC, tales como: determinación de patrones de frecuencia; duración del sonido; reconocimiento de tono musical e identificación de sonidos ambientales, enfatizando la contribución del hemisferio derecho. Comparamos los resultados entre los niños con DD y C. Resultados Los niños con DD mostraron menores puntuaciones que los C en todas las subpruebas del PAC, incluyendo aquellas que involucran preferencialmente al hemisferio cerebral derecho. Conclusión Los datos obtenidos sugieren una contribución significativa del hemisferio derecho para producir alteraciones del PAC en niños con DD. Por lo tanto, las PAC que involucran al hemisferio derecho deben ser consideradas en la evaluación y rehabilitación de niño s con DD. .

Right cerebral hemisphere and central auditory processing in children with developmental dyslexia.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that if the right hemisphere auditory processing abilities can be altered in children with developmental dyslexia (DD), we can detect dysfunction using specific tests. METHOD: We performed an analytical comparative cross-sectional study. We studied 20 right-handed children with DD and 20 healthy right-handed control subjects (CS). Children in both groups were age, gender, and school-grade matched. Focusing on the right hemisphere's contribution, we utilized tests to measure alterations in central auditory processing (CAP), such as determination of frequency patterns; sound duration; music pitch recognition; and identification of environmental sounds. We compared results among the two groups. RESULTS: Children with DD showed lower performance than CS in all CAP subtests, including those that preferentially engaged the cerebral right hemisphere. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests a significant contribution of the right hemisphere in alterations of CAP in children with DD. Thus, right hemisphere CAP must be considered for examination and rehabilitation of children with DD.